Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STI) caused by a bacterium called chlamydia trachomatis. It affects men and women, most commonly in the under 25 age group as a consequence of unprotected sexual activity. Current NHS statistics show that it affects one in 10 young women, hence the development of free annual testing to the under 25s via the National Chlamydia Screening Programme.
Chlamydia is often referred to as a silent infection because often there are no signs or symptoms and it can be easily transmitted via unprotected sex. However, if left untreated it can cause serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy and blocked fallopian tubes, affecting long-term fertility. It has also been linked to early births and miscarriage.
How is Chlamydia Transmitted?
Chlamydia is passed on via unprotected sex and this can occur in all age groups - not just the under 25s. Figures show a rise in STIs among the older population - those in their 40s and 50s who may be dating again after divorce or separation. Whatever the age or circumstance it is vital to use condoms for intercourse until both partners have been cleared of any STIs. Chlamydia can also be passed on during oral sex, genital contact, and from mother to baby during childbirth. Shared sex toys are also a risk factor so it is wise to have separate toys or to use them with a fresh condom each time.
Symptoms of Chlamydia
Symptoms may not always occur and chlamydia testing isn't routine as part of a smear test so it is important to be tested regularly if new partners are on the scene. Possible symptoms include the following:
- cystitis and painful urination
- vaginal discharge
- stomach pains and aches
- painful sex or bleeding after sex and between periods
- It may also affect the eyes, throat and rectum.
Free Screening and Testing For Chlamydia
In the UK there is a free chlamydia testing service for the under 25s (the National Chlamydia Screening Programme). This provides local services via a postcode finder search on the website. For over 25s GUM (sexual health) clinics can be found listed in telephone directories or online via NHS Choices. Doctors and high street pharmacies also provide STI testing in most areas. It is possible to obtain test kits online, which involve taking a urine sample and sending it off to a lab for analysis. The results will be available within a week or so. Clamelle testing is one such service on offer via high street pharmacies.
Treatment for Chlamydia and Other STIs
Antibiotics are usually prescribed and will clear up chlamydia quickly and effectively. These are most commonly one dose of Azithromycin or a course of Doxycycline, which must be completed. Any current or recent sexual partners will also need to be tested, as symptoms are not always apparent.
Chlamydia is the most common STI and is easy to treat and prevent. Practise safe sex and always use condoms with a new partner until both parties have been given the all-clear. A free screening service is available in the UK for under 25s and local testing centres can be found via a postcode search online. Don't ignore any symptoms as left untreated, chlamydia can have serious consequences on a woman's health.
Sources:
chlamydiae.com, accessed 27th February 2010.
netdoctor.co.uk - chlamydia factsheet, accessed 28th February 2010.
nhs.uk - NHS Choices for local GUM clinic information, accessed 28th February 2010.
Sexual Health Helpline - Freephone 0800 567 123.
Nicci Talbot - Nicci Talbot is a journalist and author specialising in sex, health & wellbeing. She edits Rude Magazine, an online resource for better ...
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